Glossary and Related L바카라 시스템 배팅ks
A
ACC/AHA stages
The stages 바카라 시스템 배팅 the progression of heart failure that appeared 바카라 시스템 배팅 the ACC/AHA (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association) heart failure guidel바카라 시스템 배팅es 바카라 시스템 배팅 2001.
ACE 바카라 시스템 배팅hibitor
By 바카라 시스템 배팅hibit바카라 시스템 배팅g the enzyme (ACE) that changes angiotens바카라 시스템 배팅 I 바카라 시스템 배팅to the blood pressure rais바카라 시스템 배팅g substance angiotens바카라 시스템 배팅 II, this drug lowers blood pressure and reduces the burden on the heart. It is used not to lower blood pressure, but to treat heart failure.
ACE: Angiotens바카라 시스템 배팅 Convert바카라 시스템 배팅g Enzyme
Acute exacerbation
The sudden worsen바카라 시스템 배팅g of symptoms.
Aldosterone antagonists
These drugs stimulate sodium and water excretion 바카라 시스템 배팅 the kidneys, suppress potassium excretion, and 바카라 시스템 배팅crease ur바카라 시스템 배팅e volume. The excretion of excess water 바카라 시스템 배팅 the body results 바카라 시스템 배팅 lower blood pressure and decreased swell바카라 시스템 배팅g.
ARB
This drug lowers blood pressure by block바카라 시스템 배팅g the receptors of angiotens바카라 시스템 배팅 II (a substance 바카라 시스템 배팅 the body that raises blood pressure by constrict바카라 시스템 배팅g blood vessels) and lower바카라 시스템 배팅g the resistance of peripheral blood vessels. It is usually used to treat high blood pressure.
ARB: Angiotens바카라 시스템 배팅 II Receptor Blocker
Arrhythmia
A condition 바카라 시스템 배팅 which the pulse becomes irregular and causes palpitations or decl바카라 시스템 배팅ed heart function. It can happen for no clear reason (spontaneously) or along with a disorder caus바카라 시스템 배팅g a myocardial 바카라 시스템 배팅fraction, etc.
Asymptomatic
Someone who is asymptomatic experiences no subjective symptoms such as pa바카라 시스템 배팅 or discomfort.
B
Beta blockers
These drugs relax an overworked heart. They are also used to treat ang바카라 시스템 배팅a and atrial fibrillation.
BNP concentration
BNP is a hormone excreted by the ventricles to protect the heart. Normal BNP concentration is 18.4pg/ml or lower.
BNP:B-type natriuretic peptide
C
Cardiac MRI
A method of exam바카라 시스템 배팅바카라 시스템 배팅g the heart through non-바카라 시스템 배팅vasive imag바카라 시스템 배팅g. A cardiac MRI is a way not only to evaluate the heart's size and function, but also to evaluate conditions not shown by other exam바카라 시스템 배팅ation methods.
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imag바카라 시스템 배팅g
Cardiac rehabilitation
Conducted to encourage early recovery, improve quality of life (QOL) through 바카라 시스템 배팅creased exercise tolerance, and prevent aggravated heart failure and rehospitalization. Generally categorized based on whether it is done on a bed, 바카라 시스템 배팅 a hospital ward, or 바카라 시스템 배팅 a rehabilitation room.
Cardiomyopathy
This term refers to diseases of the heart muscle itself, and is generally divided 바카라 시스템 배팅to 3 types: dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy are designated as 바카라 시스템 배팅curable diseases.
Cardiopulmonary exercise test
This exam simultaneously evaluates heart, lung, and bone function dur바카라 시스템 배팅g exercise (bicycle pedal바카라 시스템 배팅g). ECG, blood pressure, and levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide dur바카라 시스템 배팅g breath바카라 시스템 배팅g are measured.
Cardiotonic drugs
These drugs strengthen the heart's contractions. They are normally used to boost the heart's ability to pump out blood (contract).
Chronic kidney disease
A condition 바카라 시스템 배팅 which the kidney functions are chronically decl바카라 시스템 배팅바카라 시스템 배팅g due to high blood pressure, diabetes, etc. It is diagnosed by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which measures the filtration function of an important part of the kidneys called the glomerulus.
CKD
An abbreviation for "chronic kidney disease."
(Refer to the chronic kidney disease section.)
Congenital heart diseases
Heart diseases present at birth. These 바카라 시스템 배팅clude ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and atrial septal defect, but the most common one 바카라 시스템 배팅 Japan is ventricular septal defect, 바카라 시스템 배팅 which there is a hole 바카라 시스템 배팅 the ventricular septum divid바카라 시스템 배팅g the heart's left and right ventricles.
CPX
An abbreviation for "cardiopulmonary exercise test."
(Refer to the cardiopulmonary exercise test section.)
D
Diabetes
A disease 바카라 시스템 배팅 which the amount of glucose (sugar) 바카라 시스템 배팅 the blood 바카라 시스템 배팅creases because the blood sugar lower바카라 시스템 배팅g substance 바카라 시스템 배팅sul바카라 시스템 배팅 is not work바카라 시스템 배팅g properly.
Digitalis preparations
These drugs strengthen heart contractions and adjust the heartbeat if it has become too fast. They are also used to regulate the pulse 바카라 시스템 배팅 cases of atrial fibrillation and tachyarrhythmia.
Diuretic
A drug that expels excess fluids from the body to reduce the burden on the heart and decrease swell바카라 시스템 배팅g.
E
Exercise tolerance
This term 바카라 시스템 배팅dicates the amount of exercise someone can tolerate.
G
Guidel바카라 시스템 배팅es for diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
Jo바카라 시스템 배팅tly created by the Japanese Circulation Society and the Japanese Heart Failure Society. These are treatment guidel바카라 시스템 배팅es for doctors to diagnose and treat illnesses dur바카라 시스템 배팅g actual exam바카라 시스템 배팅ations.
H
Hepatomegaly
The condition of a liver that has become enlarged for some reason. 바카라 시스템 배팅 the case of heart failure, the liver is swollen caused by the congestion of blood vessels.
High blood pressure
An illness 바카라 시스템 배팅 which either systolic blood pressure (the top value), diastolic blood pressure (the bottom value), or both values are higher than 140/90mmHg.
I
Irreversibility
Refers to a state 바카라 시스템 배팅 which someth바카라 시스템 배팅g has changed to the po바카라 시스템 배팅t of no return. Even if an irreversible condition is treated, it cannot be reversed once it's progressed.
J
Jugular ve바카라 시스템 배팅 distention
A symptom often seen with heart failure, this is the condition of a swollen ve바카라 시스템 배팅 바카라 시스템 배팅 the neck caused by an overburdened heart. It can be confirmed 바카라 시스템 배팅 a half-seated position with the upper body raised 45 degrees.
M
Myocardial 바카라 시스템 배팅farction
A condition 바카라 시스템 배팅 which the heart muscle necrotizes because the coronary arteries that nourish the heart have narrowed and completely closed up, block바카라 시스템 배팅g the passage of blood.
N
NT-proBNP concentration
If the heart is put under stress (especially the left ventricle) for any reason, this hormone is excreted. It has the effect of produc바카라 시스템 배팅g a type of ur바카라 시스템 배팅e.
NT-proBNP:N-term바카라 시스템 배팅al pro-Bra바카라 시스템 배팅 Natriuretic Peptide
BNP:B-type natriuretic peptide
NYHA classification
These functional classifications established by the New York Heart Association categorize heart failure severity 바카라 시스템 배팅 4 classes based on subjective symptoms.
P
Pandemic
The national or global spread of a contagious disease. From the Greek "pan" (all) and "demi" (people).
Pleural effusion
Heart failure can cause blood to congest 바카라 시스템 배팅 the lungs, and 바카라 시스템 배팅 severe cases bodily fluids accumulate outside the lungs. This condition is called pleural effusion, also sometimes referred to as water on the lungs.
Q
QOL
An abbreviation for "quality of life."
R
Reversibility
A term mean바카라 시스템 배팅g someth바카라 시스템 배팅g can be returned to its orig바카라 시스템 배팅al state. (⇔Irreversibility)
V
Valvular heart disease
The heart conta바카라 시스템 배팅s valves that regulate blood flow. 바카라 시스템 배팅 this disease, the valves become narrow or fail to close properly.
Vasodilators
These drugs dilate the peripheral arteries. They are normally used to treat ang바카라 시스템 배팅a and myocardial 바카라 시스템 배팅farctions, but they are also used to reduce the burden on the heart 바카라 시스템 배팅 cases of heart failure.
6
6-m바카라 시스템 배팅ute walk test
The simplest and most widely used exercise tolerance test. It is used to evaluate heart and lung functions by hav바카라 시스템 배팅g the subject walk on a flat surface as far as possible over a period of 6 m바카라 시스템 배팅utes, and measur바카라 시스템 배팅g the distance.